參考資料:
http://www.hkherbarium.net/Herbarium/html%20text/1Alsophila%20spinulosa.htm
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(1) 刺桫欏
Alsophila spinulosa (Wall. ex Hook.) Tryon
桫欏科 (Cyatheaceae)
英文名 (English name): Spiny Tree-fern
中國境內現狀 : 易危 (VU)。 國家二級保護野生植物 。已載入《中國植物紅皮書》和 《廣東省珍稀瀕危植物圖譜》
Status in China: Vulnerable (VU). Wild plant under State protection (category II). Recorded in
China Plant Red Data Book and
Illustrations of Rare & endangered plant in Guangdong Province.
形態特徵:樹形蕨類植物,莖直立,高可達6米。葉螺旋狀排列,聚生於莖端;葉柄棕色,具銳刺;葉片大,長矩圓形,三回羽狀深裂;羽片17-20對,互生,最大的長達60厘米,基部一對縮短,羽軸有短刺;小羽片18-20對,無柄或近於無柄,披針形,長達10厘米,寬2.5厘米,深裂幾達中脈;末回裂片多少鐮狀,有齒。孢子囊群靠近中脈著生;囊群蓋球形,膜質。
地理分布:香港島、大嶼山、大帽山。福建、台灣、廣東、廣西、海南、雲南、四川、西藏;尼泊爾、錫金、不丹、印度、緬甸、泰國、越南、菲律賓及日本南部。
生境與生態:通常生長於山溝的潮濕坡地和溪邊陽光充足的地方,常數十株或成百株構成優勢群落,有時亦散生在林緣灌叢之中。
桫欏株形美觀別緻,具觀賞價值。莖幹被用為栽培附生蘭類的基質。在香港以外地區,因生境破壞和經常被人採挖而受威脅。香港的桫欏多生長在郊野公園內而受到保護。本種也受《林務規例》(香港法例第96章附例) 及《動植物(瀕危物種保護)條例》(香港法例第187章)保護。此外,漁護署已進行遷地保護,城門標本林內有栽培。
Description: Tree-ferns, trunk erect up to 6 m tall. Leaves crowded near apex of the trunk, spirally arranged; stipes dark brown, with sharp spines; lamina large, oblong, tripinnate; pinnae 17-20 pairs, alternate, longest one to 60 cm long, the basal one reduced; rachis short-spiny; pinnules 18-20 pairs, sessile or nearly so, lanceolate, to 10 cm long and 2.5 cm wide, divided almost to the costa; segments more or less falcate, toothed. Sori borne near the costule, indusium spherical, membranous.
Distribution: Hong Kong Island, Lantau, Tai Mo Shan. Hainan, Taiwan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan. Xizang; Nepal, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Philippines and Japan.
Habitat and Ecology: On sunny places in valleys or by streams, occasionally also on margins of forests and in thickets.
It is an attractive tree-fern with high ornamental value. Trunks are used as medium for orchid cultivation. The species is under threats outside Hong Kong because of destruction of habitats and over-collection. In Hong Kong, most of the localities of its occurrence are in Country Parks under protection. This species is also protected by the Forestry Regulations (Cap. 96 sub. leg.) and the Animals and Plants (Protection of Endangered Species) Ordinance (Cap. 187). AFCD had conducted ex-situ conservation and living specimens are displayed in the Shing Mun Arboretum.
參考文獻 (References):
傅立國,1992: 中國植物紅皮書1:10。 科學出版社,北京。
Edie, H.H., 1977: Ferns of Hong Kong, 88. Hong Kong Univ. Press, Hong Kong.
So, M.L., 1994: Hong Kong Ferns, 47. The Urban Council, Hong Kong.